|
Photography
Photography is the process of recording pictures by means of capturing light on
a light-sensitive medium, such as a film or sensor. Light patterns reflected or
emitted from objects expose a sensitive chemical or electronic medium during a
timed exposure, usually through a photographic lens in a device known as a
camera that also stores the resulting information chemically or electronically."
Traditionally, the product of photography has been called a photograph, commonly
shortened to photo.
The camera or camera obscura is the image-forming device, and photographic film
or a silicon electronic image sensor is the sensing medium. The respective
recording medium can be the film itself, or a digital electronic or magnetic
memory.Photographers control the camera and lens to "expose" the light recording
material (such as film) to the required amount of light to form a "latent image"
(on film) or "raw file" (in digital cameras) which, after appropriate
processing, is converted to a usable image. Modern digital cameras replace film
with an electronic image sensor based on light-sensitive electronics such as
charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)
technology. The resulting digital image is stored electronically, but can be
reproduced on paper or film.
Photography gained the interest of many scientists and artists from its
inception. Scientists have used photography to record and study movements, such
as Eadweard Muybridge's study of human and animal locomotion in 1887. Artists
are equally interested by these aspects but also try to explore avenues other
than the photo-mechanical representation of reality, such as the pictorialist
movement. Military, police, and security forces use photography for
surveillance, recognition and data storage. Photography is used to preserve
memories of favorite times, to capture special moments, to tell stories, to send
messages, and as a source of entertainment.Because photography is popularly
synonymous with truth ("The camera doesn't lie."), digital imaging has raised
many ethical concerns. Many photojournalists have declared they will not crop
their pictures, or are forbidden from combining elements of multiple photos to
make "illustrations," passing them as real photographs. Many courts will not
accept digital images as evidence because of their inherently manipulative
nature. Today's technology has made picture editing relatively easy for even the
novice photographer.The camera has a long and distinguished history as a means
of recording phenomena from the first use by Daguerre and Fox-Talbot, such as
astronomical events (eclipses for example) and small creatures when the camera
was attached to the eyepiece of microscopes (in photomicroscopy). The camera
also proved useful in recording crime scenes and the scenes of accidents, one of
the first uses being at the scene of the Tay Rail Bridge disaster of 1879. The
set of accident photographs was used in the subsequent court of inquiry so that
witnesses could identify pieces of the wreckage, and the technique is now
commonplace in courts of law.Besides the camera, other methods of forming images
with light are available. For instance, a photocopy or xerography machine forms
permanent images but uses the transfer of static electrical charges rather than
photographic film, hence the term electrophotography. Photograms are images
produced by the shadows of objects cast on the photographic paper, without the
use of a camera. Objects can also be placed directly on the glass of an image
scanner to produce digital pictures. Learn Photography, SCHOOLS Photography,
COLLEGES Photography, INSTITUTES Photography Coaching Photography, Masters
Photography, Doctorate Photography, Postgraduate Photography, Useful
Photography, University Photography, Scholarships Photography, Programme
Photography, Phd Photography, Jobs Photography, Work Photography, Careers
Photography, Information Photography, Information Photography, Courses
Photography, Guidance Photography, Graduate Photography, Higher Studies in
Photography. |
